In the digital age, our technological progress comes with an increasingly urgent environmental cost. India has experienced an unprecedented surge in electronic waste, with a staggering 163% increase in discarded electronics, particularly from screens, computers, and small IT devices. This explosive growth has positioned India as the third-largest producer of e-waste globally, generating over 3.2 million metric tonnes annually.
The world’s generation of electronic waste is rising five times faster than documented e-waste recycling as per the UN’s fourth Global E-waste Monitor (GEM). The e-waste volume produced in 2022 at 62 million tonnes (Mt) was up 82% from 2010. Only around 1% of rare earth element demand is met by e-waste recycling.
The challenge is compounded by India's unique recycling landscape. While formal recycling channels exist, the informal sector processes approximately 90% of e-waste. These unregulated operations often lack proper safety measures, posing serious environmental and health risks.
This blog explores the basics of e-waste and why it needs to be disposed of responsibly. It also shares the story of how e-waste segregation and collection was implemented in a society in Mumbai.
Understanding E-Waste
E-waste is a comprehensive term that encompasses all electrical and electronic equipment and its parts that have been discarded without any intention of reuse. From smartphones and laptops to televisions and refrigerators, these devices contain complex materials that require careful handling.
The Hidden Dangers of Improper E-Waste Disposal
Modern electronic devices are laden with toxic chemicals including beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and lead. These substances pose severe risks to our environment, threatening soil, water, air, and wildlife.
When e-waste is carelessly disposed of in landfills, these toxic materials gradually dissolve into the surrounding environment. Microscopic traces seep into the gross sludge, eventually contaminating groundwater and creating long-lasting environmental damage.
The Role of Recycling in Mitigating E-Waste Hazards
When electronic devices reach recycling facilities, they in general undergo following steps:
- Sorting: Workers carefully categorize e-waste according to types and models.
- Functional Part Extraction: Devices are examined, and working parts are separated for potential reuse.
- Mechanical Processing:
- A giant magnet extracts ferromagnetic materials like iron and steel
- Advanced machinery separates various metals and alloys
- Water-based processing differentiates materials by density, allowing plastics to float while heavier materials like glass sink
- Final Refinement: A final check ensures maximum material recovery
Refurbished Electronics: A Sustainable Solution to E-Waste
One promising approach to reducing e-waste is the market for refurbished electronics. These are previously owned devices that, while showing signs of wear, remain functional. Often sold at lower prices, refurbished items provide an environmentally friendly alternative to purchasing new devices.
Empowering Communities to Tackle E-Waste: A Real-Life Example
Real change often begins at the community level. Mrs. Laveena Dsouza, a 47-year-old resident of a society in Mumbai, exemplifies grassroots environmental action. Recognizing the hazards of improper electronic waste disposal, she initiated an e-waste collection program in her society.
She faced typical challenges: limited awareness, community resistance, and financial constraints. Her solution was comprehensive:
- Partnering with an authorized waste management company
- Installing dedicated e-waste collection bins
- Conducting door-to-door awareness campaigns
- Leveraging financial incentives for electronic waste collection
The entire project cost just 10,000 rupees, with the primary expense being the waste collection container. The collection company arrives every two months to process the accumulated waste.
Conclusion
The e-waste challenge is far more than a technological problem—it's an environmental and social imperative. By understanding the risks, supporting responsible recycling, implementing community initiatives, and making conscious consumption choices, we can mitigate the environmental impact of our digital lifestyle. Each responsibly recycled device represents a step towards a more sustainable future—a future where technology and environmental stewardship go hand in hand.
The journey of managing e-waste is complex, but it begins with awareness, action, and collective responsibility.
With inputs from Jiya D’Souza, Nahar International School, who did her internship with Smaller Footprint and carried out primary research on consumer perception and the power of community engagement. She conducted a survey that revealed interesting insights about e-waste awareness. While most people recognise the importance of proper electronic waste disposal, many still lack dedicated electronic waste segregation systems.
